- General Information
- 10 Step Roadmap to Divorce
- How to Start a Case
- How to Serve and File a Response
- How to Amend Your Petition or Response
- Financial Disclosure
- Petition for Joinder (Property)
- Finalizing Your Divorce
- How to Obtain a Judgment by Default
- Obtaining a Judgment By Trial
- When You Do Not Agree with the Memorandum to Set
- Restoring Your Former Name
- Notice of Abatement
General Information
Type of Case
Dissolution of Marriage (Divorce):
A dissolution of marriage, which is more commonly known as divorce, terminates the marriage of the spouses and resolves issues between them, including child custody, visitation, child support, spousal support, asset and debt division, former name restoration, and even restraining orders.
Dissolution of Domestic Partnership:
Domestic partners are "two adults who have chosen to share one another's lives in an intimate and committed relationship of mutual caring." Persons of opposite sexes may not constitute a domestic partnership unless one or both of the persons are over the age of 62.
Legal Separation:
A legal separation case is similar to a dissolution of marriage or dissolution of a domestic partnership in terms of the range of issues that are resolved in the case, except that the parties remain married or registered to each other.
Nullity:
A nullity case is more commonly known as an annulment of marriage or an annulment of the domestic partnership. This can only be requested based on one of reasons listed below.
Grounds for Termination of Marriage
For dissolution of marriage or legal separation in California, there are only two legal grounds. The first is irreconcilable differences, meaning the marriage or partnership cannot be saved. The other reason is incurable insanity which, unlike irreconcilable differences, must be proven.
If you are seeking a nullity of marriage or nullity of partnership, you will need to prove in a court hearing that your marriage satisfies one of the grounds listed below. These must have applied at the time you and your spouse married or you and your partner registered:
- Incest:
- incest means the spouses or registered partner are close blood relatives.
- Bigamy:
- bigamy means a spouse or partner was knowingly married or registered to another person at the time of marriage or at the time of registration of domestic partnership.
- Underage:
- underage means a spouse or partner was below age 18 years at the time of marriage or registration of domestic partnership and did not obtain parental consent or a court order permitting the marriage.
- Prior Existing Marriage or Prior Existing Domestic Partnership:
- prior existing marriage or prior existing domestic partnership means a spouse married or a partner registered on the mistaken belief that his or her previous marriage or partnership had ended in the death of the other spouse or partner, who in fact was still living.
- Unsound Mind:
- unsound mind means a spouse or partner could not and has not formed the intent to marry or registered due to a mental condition.
- Fraud:
- fraud means deception regarding a significant matter that led to the marriage or the partnership and continued until the breakup.
- Force:
- force means threats or acts of harm were used to force one spouse or partner into the marriage or domestic partnership.
- Incapacity:
- incapacity means a spouse or partner was and continues to be physically unable to consummate the marriage or partnership.
Jurisdiction
A dissolution action may be started in Sacramento County if one or both spouses/partners have resided in this county for at least the last 3 months and in the state of California for at least 6 months. Cases involving legal separation or nullity have less strict residency requirements. For legal separation or nullity cases, one or both spouses/partners need only be a resident of this county at the time this case is started. There is no duration of residency requirement for these types of marital actions.
In addition to the residency requirements for starting any type of marital action, there are some additional rules to consider if the other spouse resides outside California. Specifically, a spouse who lives in another state or country can object to jurisdiction by the court in California. In that event, this court may be prevented from making important orders in your case. You should seek legal advice about how to proceed if the other spouse lives outside California and is likely to object to having the case handled here.
Time Frame for Termination of Marriage
Remember that merely filing your petition and having it served does not automatically result in a judgment. There are other steps you must take before this can happen.
The minimum length of time it takes to acquire a final Judgment of Dissolution in order to be free to marry once again is six months and one day from the date the Respondent is served with the Summons and Petition, or, six months and a day from the date the Respondent files a Response or Notice of General Appearance with the court, whichever comes first. If the six-month period passes before you are able to acquire your judgment, then the effective date of your change in status from married to single is the date of entry of the judgment.
The effective date for legal separation or nullity is the day the judgment is entered, that is, the day the judge signs the judgment.
Be aware that a formal judgment signed by a judge must be entered before it is final. Any minute order from a hearing or a trial or a signed agreement without a judge's signature does not terminate the action.
How to Start a Case
There are three types of marriage actions which include Dissolution of Marriage or Domestic Partnership, Legal Separation, and Nullity. The forms used to start a case are included in the following packets:
- Dissolution, Legal Separation, or Nullity Packet (Step 1)
- Proof of Service of Summons Packet (Step 2)
- Documents to be Served on Your Spouse Packet
You may also use this program to complete and print your court forms for filing: Guide and File - external link
If you have been married for less than five years and have no children together, born or adopted, before or during marriage, you may file a Joint Petition for Summary Dissolution of Marriage if you meet the property limitations. For more information, you may go to the California Courts' Self-Help Center - external link for additional information and forms.
One Day Divorce: Check out this unique program to learn how you may be able to finish your divorce in just one day.
How to Serve and File a Response
If you were served with a Dissolution, Legal Separation, or Nullity Petition, you must file a Response within 30 days or risk the other party taking your default. If the other party takes your default, you may not be allowed to file documents or attend hearings in your case.
You may also use this program to complete and print your court forms for filing: Guide and File - external link
How to Amend Your Petition or Response
If you would like to amend your Petition or Response in your case, you are allowed to amend one time without permission from the court. For example, if you originally asked for a Legal Separation, but now you would like to change your request to a Dissolution, you will need to amend your forms. You will need to complete and serve all of the same forms you originally filed, indicating that the new filing is amended. You will not need to pay a new filing fee for the first amended Petition or Response. If you wish to amend a second time, you must first get permission from the Court. You must file a Request for Order and pay a filing fee to ask the Court for permission to amend a second time.
Financial Disclosure
Before you can get a judgment to finish your case, you must disclose to your spouse/partner the nature and extent of all marital/partnership assets and debts. This is done by completing and serving your Financial Disclosures and Income and Expense Declaration on your spouse/partner.
If you are requesting a hearing to compel the other party to complete their financial disclosures, you must make a written demand before filing your Request for Order. You may use our sample Demand Letter for this purpose.
If, after making your demand and waiting the specified period of time, your spouse still does not complete his or her financial disclosures, you may contact your attorney, or the Self-Help Center if you are acting as your own attorney, for further instructions.
Petition for Joinder (Property)
If there is community property in the possession of someone who is not a party to the case, before the Court can make orders concerning the person holding the property, that person must be joined to the case. To join another person to a family law case, the following packet is used:
Finalizing Your Divorce
Your marriage or domestic partnership does not automatically end six months after filing your petition. You will need to complete your dissolution action and get your judgment either by default (when the other party does not respond), by written agreement, or by trial.
The most common courses of action for various circumstances are:
- If the other party did not respond (defaulted), then see an attorney to prepare a judgment, or check the Sacramento County Public Law Library - external link for self-help manuals.
- In the event you and your spouse or partner have an agreement on all issues (uncontested) in your divorce, you can have an attorney prepare your agreement and judgment.
- If either of the following conditions pertain to your case, then it is suggested that you consult with an attorney: 1) your spouse or partner has filed a response, there are contested issues, and you have no written agreement; or 2) your spouse filed the divorce, you responded, and your spouse or your partner refuses to finalize your divorce whether or not there are contested issues.
We highly recommend that you have a consultation with a family law attorney before finalizing your divorce. You may have important legal rights regarding spousal support, pensions or other deferred compensation, or other property rights. It is your responsibility to know your rights before you set your case for trial or you may lose those rights forever.
How to Obtain a Judgment by Default
If your spouse/partner has not served and filed a Response and more than 30 days have passed since he/she was served with the Summons and Petition, you are eligible to proceed by Default. However, a default judgment is not automatic. You must file a Request to Enter Default and proceed to judgment by attending a hearing or by preparing a declaration. Seek legal assistance to determine which method is right for you.
Obtaining a Judgment By Trial
If you have completed all required steps and wish to set a trial to request a final judgment of dissolution, legal separation or Annulment, you must file a Memorandum to Set. Once the trial and Settlement Conference have been scheduled, both parties must prepare and submit a Statement of Issues.
When You Do Not Agree with the Memorandum to Set
If you disagree with your case being set for trial pursuant to Local Rule 5.26, you may request a hearing by serving and filing in room 215 a Notice of Hearing on Memorandum to Set / Counter Memorandum to Set (FL/E-LP-605).
Restoring Your Former Name
To have your former name restored after you have received a Judgment of Dissolution, you may use the following packet:
Notice of Abatement
If a spouse dies while a dissolution action (divorce) is pending, A Notice of Abatement may be filed to notify the Court of the death so that the case may be closed. A Notice of Abatement will not dismiss the case or cancel any orders that have already been made. This optional packet may be used for this purpose: